Means for analyzing flue-gases.



v H. H. WILSON. MEANS FOR ANALYZING FLUE GASES. 'A'rPmoAn-on FILED 112,1911.

Patented Apr. 16, 1912.

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HIE. WILSON.

MEANS FOR ANALYZING FLUE GASES.

- APPLICATION FILED mum, 1911. 1 ,023, 1 88. Patented Apr. 16, 1912.

2 sums-sum 2.

STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

HEARLEY HOWELL WILSON, F ALTOONA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MEANS FOR ANALYZING ELITE-GASES.

Specification 0! Letters Patent. 7

To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownfthat I, HEARLEY HOWELL ,lVlLSON', a citizen "of the UnitedStates, residing Altoona,in the county of Blair and Sta'teo'f'Pcnnsylvania, have invented certainfIniproved Means for Analyzing.Flu 'e-Gas eslio f which the following is a specification, y i v tionrelates to means for analyz- 10 ing gasesby passing them through asolution or solutions capable of absorbing a constituent or constituentsthereof, and my leading purpose is; to provide simple means by whichprived of one ormore constituents and the results shown by adetermination of the pressure of the remaining gas expanded to theoriginal volume.

Further purposes of my-invention are to automatically operate themechanism continuously, gbtain analyses of successive samples at regularintervals, determine the amounts of several constituents, and record theamounts so determined.

' The characteristic features of my invention are fully set forth in thefollowing de- 6 .scription and the accompanying drawings illustrat onthereof. In. the drawings, Figure 1 1s a part sectional side elevationof apparatus embodying my invention in form adapted for efiectin asingle expansion of gas that has been (e-' prived of a constituent,together with an indication of the quantity of the deleted constituent;Fig. 2 is a side elevation of apparatus embodying my invention in formadapted for, effecting successive expansions of the remainder of a gasthat has been deprived, of several constituents in succession,

40 together with an-indication of the quantities of the several deletedconstituents, and Fig.

3 is a. partsectional side elevation of apparatus. embodying myinvention in form adapted for continuous automatic operation andrecording the amounts of several constituents.

.The.-apparatu s, as "illustrated in Fig. 1,

comprises a cylinder 1 containing a piston 2 fined on a rod 3 which isadapted to recip- 1 rooate through the cylinder heads 4 and 4 the rodbeingoperated by the handle 5 thereon. The cylinder is'provided with thepassages 6fand 6f which are adapted for connecting the interior thereofadjacent to the respecthe cylinder heads with the respectivenippics 7and 7", the former being connected uniform volumes of gas can be drawn,de-- ing the corresponding ends of the cylinder with the respectivenipples 7 and 7' or the respective passages 9 and 9, and valves 13' and13 control the communication from the respective passages 9 and 9" tothe corresponding nipples 11 and 11. The nipple 1.0

is connected by a tube 14 with the bottom of a tube 15 which has its topconnected with the nipple 10 by the tube 16, the tube 15 being suitablyof glass with an open branch 15 adapted for receiving the cork 14 on1atentedApr. 1%, 1912.1 Application filed May 12, 1911. Serial No.626,680.

the tube 1.4 and theopen branch 15" adapted for receiving the cork 16'on the tube 16.

The nipple 11 is connected by a tube section 17 with a manometer orglass U-tube 18, which is provided with a scale 19.

In operation,'for determining the carbon dioxid in flue gasethe tube 15is provided with a solution of caustic soda capable of absorbing thecarbon dioxid and steel turnings for breaking up the bubbles andfacilitating the reaction. The cylinder 1 is initially connected withthe atmosphere through the nipples 11 and 7 by properly operating thevalves 12, 12, and 13, and the piston 2 is drawn into contact with thehead 4. The valve 12 is then turned to establish communication from thetube 8 through the nipple 7 and passage 6 with the left end of thecylinder, whose right end remains connected with the atmosphere. Thepiston is then pushed through the cylinder until it comes into contactwith the head 4;, whereby flue gas is drawn into the left end of thecylinder as the air is discharged from its right end. The valves lfland12" are then turned to establishcommunication between the left end ofthe cylinder and the tube 1 1 and between the right end of the cylinderand the tube 16, the valve 12closing the passage through the nipple 7',and the valve 13 is operated to close the passage through the nipple 11.The piston is now moved to the left end of the cylinder and the gas isdischarged therefrom by way of the now connected passagesfi and 9,through the passage formed by the parts 10, 14, 15, and 16 nallyoccupied when drawn into the left end of the. cylinder, 'prior to theabsorption of the carbon dioxid constituent. The expansion of the gasdeprived of its carbon dioxid to the original volume beingaccompanied'by a reduction in pressure, such reduced 'press'ureisdetermined by establishing communication between the cylinder-and themercury manometer tube 18 through the connected passages 6 and 9", thenipple 11'.

and the tube 17, whereby the amount of carbon dioxid is determined. Thenby properly operatingthe valves 12 and 12, upon the reverse movement ofthe piston the gas in the cylinder is discharged through the passage 6and nipple 7 while a new charge is drawn into the opposite end of thecylinder. It will be understood that the valve .13 is normally closed,being used to discharge tov the atmosphere a sample of gas which it isdesired todiscard, and the valve 13"is kept closed during the entirecycle of operation, excepting when it is desired to determine thepressure of the gas in the cylinder after the piston has been broughtinto contact with the head 4. y

In the form of the apparatus shown in ,Fig. 2, there are two alinedcylinders 1 and 1 (of like size and character) containing the respectivepistons 2 and 2 fixed on the nects the nipple 10 of the cylinder 1 withthe bottom'of a tube 15 which is connected by the tube 16 with thenipple 10 The nipple 11 is connected with the manometer 1.8 having thescale 19 and the nipple 11 is connected with the manometer 18 having thescale 19 This construction is adapted for determining the amount ofcarbon dioxid, oxygen and carbon monoxid in flue gas by providing thetube 15 with a solution of caustic soda of sufficient strength to absorbthe carbon dioxid from the gas passed therethrough, providing the tube1-5 with a 0111- tion of pyrogallic acid capable of absor ing the-oxygenof the gas, and providing the tube 15 with a solution of cuprous chloridcapable of absorbing the carbon monoxid."

With the valves 12, 12, 13' and 13 properly set, aspreviously described,a full charge of flue gas is drawn through the tube 8 into the cylinder1, by operating the piston inthe direction of the arrow, and then forcedthrough the tubes 14, 15 and 16 back into the opposite end of thecylinder by moving the piston in the opposite direction. The carbondioxid is absorbed by its passage through the caustic soda in the tube15 and the amount of such carbon dioxid is indicated by thecommunication of the pressure of the expanded gas to the manometer 18having the scale 19. The valves are now set so that, upon again movingthe pistons in the direction of the arrow, a second charge of gas isdrawn through the tube 8 oxygen is determined by taking the differencebetween the indications of the scale 19 of the manometer 18 and that ofthe scale,

19 of the manometer 18, the latter showing the pressure of the gasdeprived of both carbon dioxid and oxygen. With the valves properly set,upon drawingback the pistons, the gas expanded in the left end of thecylinder 1 is forced through the tubes 1e, 15 and 16 into the oppositeend of this cylinder, the cuprous chlorid in the tube 15 ab sorbing thecarbon monoxid. The amount of such monoxid is determined by takingthe-difi'erence between the indications of the manometer scales 19 and19 the latter indicating the pressure of the gas deprived of its carbondioxid, oxygen and carbonmonoxid, whichgas is discharged to theatmosphere through the nipple 7 upon the reverse movement of thepistons.

The form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 3 is a development-of thatshown in Fig. 2 with the addition of mechanism for effecting anautomatic :operation and recording the results. In this construction,the cylinders l and 1 have their pistons 2 and 2 fixed on a rod 3 whichpasses through a motor cylinder 21 having therein a piston 22 fixed onthe rod. A motive fluid is deat the ends thereof. The chambe1n26 isconnected with the opposite ends of the cylinder 21 by the ducts 28 and28 and has connected therewith the supply passages 29 and 29' and thedischarge passage 29.- The chamber 24.- contains a piston valve 30 whichcontrols the communications of the ducts connected with thechamber, thevalvehaving the rods 31 and 31 which project through the heads of thecylinder so as to be engaged by the arms 32 and 32' on the rod 3",whereby this valve is shifted. The chamber or cylinder 26 contains thepiston valve 33 which controls the communication of the ducts 28, 28,29, 29 and 29", ,this 5 valve being operated by pressure communicatedthrough the ducts and 25. The valve 33 is connected with a rod 34 havingthereon the toothed sections 34 and 34", this rod 34 being connected byan arm m with a rod 36 having the toothed sections 36 and 36". The valve12 is provided with a toothed segment 37 which engages therack 34g-thevalves 12- and 13 are provided with t-he respective 'toothedsegments 15'37 and 38 which engage the toothed rack 34"; the valves 12 and 13 areprovided with the toothed segments 37 and 38 which engage the racksection 36; and the valves 12 and 13 are provided with the toothed 30.segments 37 and 38 which engage the toothed section 36".

A clock revolves a disk 41 at a constant,

l ratea-nd a marker 42 is movable between the 1 center and the peripheryof the disk by i means of a rod 43 which-is fixed on a float ,44supported by the mercury in the manometer 18. A clock 40 revolves a disk41 at a constant rate and a marker 42 is movable between the center andperiphery of this gag-disk by a rod 43*. which is fixed on a floatsupported by the mercury in the manometer 18. A clock 40 revolves a disk41 at a constant rate and avmarker 42 is movable between the centerandperipher Y 35 Of this disk by a rod 43 which is fixed to a float 44supported by the mercury in the manometer 18 In operation, with theapparatus in the position illustrated, motive fluid is deliv- 40 ered bythe duct 23 through the cylinder 24 to theduct 25, which delivers itthrough the cylinder 26 and duct 28 to the cylinder 21, the piston 22therein being moved in the direction of the arrow-and the cylinderexhausting ahead of the piston through the now 7 connected ducts 28 and29". A

charge of gas is drawn through the tube 8 into the cylinder l-by thisoperation and when the pistons 2 and 2 approach the aoiimit of theirmovement in this direction, the arm-32 strikes the rod 31- to shift thevalve 30 so as to establish communication between the ducts 23 and 25,the movement of the piston 22 being continued by fluid '55 pressure fromthe passage 29 after the passage 25 has been cut out bythe valve 30. Thevalve 30 having established communication between the passages 23 and25,the pressure communicated through the passage 0 25 shifts the valve33, whereby communication is established from the ducts 25 and 29 to theduct 28, and from theduct 28=to the duct 29", to efiect thereversemovement of the piston 22, while the rods34 and 36 are'moved soas to turn the scents, 3L3? of its oxygen by passing 'thijo' of thepositions of the'mankers g42 38 37, 38, 37 and 38*, whereby thecorresponding valves are shifted.

The piston 22 is now driven eversely to the direction of thearrow,andthelpiston 2 drives, the charge of gaslin thecylinder 1 throughthe tubes 14, 15, and16- to the opposite end of the cylinderwhereitexpands and, its pressure being communicated to the manometer 18,the amount-, of. carhon dioxid eliminated therefrom byithe caustic sodais indicated on the disk 4l byithegmarker 42. As the piston 22approaches the limit of its movement, the arm 32 strikes the rod 31 andothe valve 30 is shitted to, 'ts-;original position, establishing" the":co n unications previously described and"; moving the -,valve 33 to itsoriginal position, whereby the valves 12, 12', 13, 12 13 12 13areshifted as the pistons 2 and, 2f? reachthellimit of their movement.The operationii "now repeated and the gas in thefcylind r 1,.3vhi'ch hasbeen deprived of its'l carbon 'oxid, is driven through the tubes{14 15?,and 16 into the'cylinder 1", it havingbeem fdeprived Py gallic acid inthe tubes14, an 15 and the amount of oxygen thusvabsorbed proportionalto the difi'erencefbetweeni the indications of the markers 42 and 42.Upon the next reversal of the mechanism, the gasin the' cylinder 1 isforced ;.th ro1 1gh the tubes 14", 15 and 16 into thefopposit end of thecylinder, it being'deprivedpf its carbon monoxid by the cuprousirchloridin the tubes 14", 15 and the amount t the carbon monoxid beingindicated. difijerence ,afid' 42 It will be understood that ating themotor mechanism and thei'fclocks ciinstantly a record will be made uponthe respective disks which will represent graphically the constituentsof the gaseskithr definite period. i

Having described my invent claim:

1. The combination ota container for a substance adapted for absorbinent of a gas, with means tor li ng predetermined quantity of nd arcingit into said container, means receiving gas delivered from said containh nd permitting it to expand to a predetermined volume, and a gageoperated the pressure of said expanded gas.

2. The combination of a cy ,1 er piston therein, apassage connecting;the ends of, said cylinder, means in said passage-fog" absorbing aconstituent of a, gas, an dlailpassage connected with one end otsaid-cinder for delivering gas thereto. i

3. The combination of acylin piston therein, a passage connectingf't heends of said cylinder, means in said passage, for absorbing aconstituent of a? gas, a passage connected with one endoi sa dcylmderfor the introduction of said; "thereto, and

ineans connected with the other end of said 7 cylinder and operated bythe pressure of the gas therein whereby the quantity of the con stituentabsorbed is determined.

4:. The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, apassage exhaustedby said piston into one end of said cylinder, a valve for closing saidpassage, a pressure gage and a discharge passage connected with theother end of said cylinder, and a passage connect.

ing the ends of said cylinder.

, 5. The combination. of a cylinder, a piston therein, means forreciprocating' said piston, means comprising a column of liquid throughwhich gas can be forced by said piston from one end to the other end ofsaid cylinder, 'a' valved passage through which gas can be drawn by saidpiston into one end of said cylinder, and means comprising a tubecontaining a column of mercury connected with the other end of saidcylinder and a valved passage by which gas can be discharged from thelast named end of said cylinder.

6. The combination of a plurality of cylinders, passages connecting theends of the respective cylinders, a passage whereby one of saidcylinders can be discharged into the other, a solution'in each of saidpassages adapted for absorbing constituents of a gas, a piston in eachof said cylinders, and means whereby said pistons are operated inunison.

7. The combination of a plurality of.

I alined cylinders, a piston in each ,of said cylinders, a rod to whichsaid pistons are connected and by which they are operated in unison, apassage connecting opposite ends of each of said cylinders, a passagewhereby one of said cylinders can discharge into the other, a liquidcapable ofabsorbing a gas in each of said passages, a passage by Y whichas is drawn into'one of saidcylinders by the operation of the pistontherein, a .valve for closing said last named passage, said last namedpiston being adapted for drivin as in the cylinder last named throng thepassage connecting-the respective ends of said cylinder whereby aconstituent of'said gas is absorbed, a gage for.

indicating the pressure of the gas delivered from said last namedpassage, a gage for indicating the pressure of gas delivered to thesecond of said cylinders from the first of said cylinders through theconnecting passage specified by the operation of therespective pistons,and agage for indicating the pressure of gas delivered through thepassage connecting the ends of said second named cylinder by theaction-of the piston therein. 7

' 8. The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, means comprising apassage wherethrough gas can be driven from the forward to the rearwardend of said cylinder by the operation of said piston, a passage wherebygas can be drawn into said cylinder by the operation of said. piston,valve mechanism for controlling the connection of the forward end ofsaid cylinder with said passages alternately, a passage by which gas canbe discharged from therearward end of said cylinder, valve mechanism forcontrolling the connection of the rearward end of said cylinder with thethereto connected passages alternately, and a'pressure gage connectedwith the'rear end of said cylinder.

9. The combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, means comprising apassage where through gas can be driven from the forward to the rearwardend of said cylinder by thev operation of said piston, a passage wherebygas can be drawn into said cylinder by the operation of said piston,valve mechanism for controlling the connection of the forward end ofsaid cylinder with said passages alternately, a passage by which gas canbe discharged from the rearward end of said cylinder, valve mechanismfor controlling the connection of the rearward end of valve mechanismfor controlling the connection ofi the forwardend of said cylinder withthe respective passages, a passage by which gas .can be discharged fromthe rearward end of said cyl1nder, valvemechanism for controlling theconnection of the, rearward end of said cylinder with the passagesconnected therewith, means for operating said valve mechanisms inunison, and a gage connected with the rearward end of said cylinder.

11. The combination of a cylinder,-a piston therein, means comprising apassage \vherethrough gas can be driven from the forward to the rearwardend of said cylinj der by the operation of said piston, a pas-. sagewhereby gas can be drawn into said cylinder by the operation of saidpiston, valve mechanism for controlling the connections of the forwardend of said cylinder with the respective passages, a passage by whichgas can be discharged from the rearward end of said cylinder, a gage, apassage connecting said gage with the rearward end of said cylinder,valve mechanism for controlling the connection of the rearward end ofsaid cylinder with the thereto connected passages, and a motor fonoperating said piston and valve mechanisnis'i'n unison.

12. The combination of a cylinder, a pis= ill ton therein, meanscomprising a pa age wherethrough gas can be driven from the forward tothe rearward end of said cylinder by the operation of said piston, apassage whereby gas can be drawn into said cylinder by the operation ofsaid piston, valve mechanism for controlling the connec tions of thetorward end of said cylinder with the respective passages, and arecording mechanism operating under control of the p'ressureof the gasexpanded in the rearward end of said cylinder.

13. The combination of a container for a substance capable of absorbinga constituent of a gas, with a pistonand cylinder whereby a definitevolume of gas is .passed from one end of said cylinder into saidcontainer and gas not absorbed by said substance is expanded in theother end of said cylinder to said definite volume, a motor foroperating said piston, and means operated by the pressure of saidexpanded gas for indicating the amount of said constituent.

14.-Ina gas analyzer, means comprising It resales container for asubstance capable of absorbing one constituent of a gas, mechanismfol-measuring a definite volume of said gas, mechanism for forcing saidVolume of gas through said means and for expanding the gas deprived ofsaid constituent to the original volume, and a gage operated by thepressure of said expanded gas; in combination with further meanscomprising a container for a substance capable of absorbing a secondconstituent, mechanism for forcing said volume of expanded gas throughsaid further means and for expanding the remaining gas again to saidoriginal Volume and another gageoperated by the pressure of said lastmentioned expanded gas.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my name this 10 day'of May, 1911,in the presence of the subscribing witnesses.

HEARLEY HOWELL WILSON.

